MSHA - Directorate of Technical Support A Troubleshooting Guide for
Roof Support Systems


Appendix D

D.1 POOR SYSTEM DESIGN

In a well designed combination system the tensioning section i.e., the mechanical section, is the weakest part. Failures should not occur in the couplers or the anchorage section (deformed bar). If these types of failures are occurring contact the manufacturer.

D.2 DEFECTIVE COUPLER

To check if the couplers are defective the combination system should be sent to a testing lab.

D.3 TORQUE INHIBITOR TOO STRONG/WEAK

To check if the torque inhibitor is functioning properly, put the deformed bar end of the bolt in a vise and turn the mechanical bolt into the coupler until the torque inhibitor breaks. If the torque inhibitor does not break the couplers should be replaced. If the torque inhibitor did break, then drill a hole that is 3" or 4" shorter than the bolt length. Next, install and rotate the bolt to mix the grout as per the manufacturers instructions. After the grout is mixed turn the bolt counter-clockwise 2 rotations, then turn by hand clockwise. Keep turning until the bolt stops. Now using a torque wrench continue turning until the torque inhibitor breaks. This torque reading is the break-away torque and should not exceed 70% of the installed torque (unless otherwise specified by the manufacturer). If it appears that the torque inhibitor cannot be broken and the bolt springs back this means that the bolt is at the end of the coupler threads because the torque inhibitor was too weak and broke during the mixing cycle. If after conducting several of the checks the break-away torque is too high or too low the shear mechanism is not functioning properly and the couplers should be replaced.

D.4 HORIZONTAL STRATA SHIFTING

Usually when a coupler breaks from pure axial tension the break will be clean and straight across the coupler. When a coupler breaks in bending or is sheared the couplers will usually have a ragged break and will have the appearance of being torn. This type of failure is most likely do to horizontal shifting of the roof strata. If you suspect horizontal shifting is responsible for the failures look up the hole that the failed bolt came out of to determine if the strata has shifted. If a fall has occurred and the borehole is no longer intact, drill a test hole in another place and periodically check for strata shifting.